Seeking recommendations for 3-5 example applications of various statistical learning/data mining/machine learning approaches

I've been studying various statistical learning approaches, but can't say I have a firm grasp on when a particular approach is appropriate or how to tell the story from beginning to end when applying a particular method. So I'm trying to compile various sample case studies (complete with code in either R or Python) for various approaches.

A few I'd like to understand better are logistic regression, linear discriminant analysis, decision trees, support vector machines, k-means clustering, naive Bayes, hierarchical clustering, text analysis, principal component analysis, etc.

Can you recommend some good examples of how these methods are used? They could be academic papers, blog articles, books, etc.