Beginner looking for datasets with results

I admit, strange title but I'm not yet sure how to word it. I am a programming who has recently started reading about machine learning. In order for this stuff to stick in my mind, I'd like to write my own code and run it on some real data. However, I'd love some sample data which others have used in their analysis so I can compare the results I get against others' results.

I understand that my results won't match others exactly, but if I understand the algorithm and code it correctly, and I clean up my data correctly, my results should at least be similar to what others have found.

Are there any such data sets which also come with predictions, correlations, classifications or regression lines which others have found?