Could I use the If-Then-Else expression for surveys in social science?

Hi guys, I'm a researcher from Berlin and I'm interested in seeing how questionnaires and surveys that everyone uses in social science could improved/standardized by using the if-then-else format. The purpose would be to create algorithms that could link questions and answers and correlate data and maybe even find causality. I'm new to machine learning, but from what I gather you guys may be the ones that could offer the best insights on this.

I mean, of course, I could use it but do you thing this would work? Do you think it's a good idea or has anyone used this before? Do you know if there's literature or research done on this topic?